Here’s a primer to help you avoid confusion about goodwill:
• As the seller, you have self-created goodwill when the total sales price of your business exceeds the fair market value of its assets, both tangible and intangible.
• You have acquired goodwill when you purchase the assets of another company for more than the value of its tangible and intangible assets.
Self-created goodwill is a capital asset because the law doesn’t specifically exclude it from being a capital asset. Thus, your sale of self-created goodwill produces tax-favored capital gain.
Acquired goodwill is an amortizable Section 197 intangible. You recover its cost in equal monthly amounts over 15 years. When you sell the acquired goodwill, it’s a Section 1231 asset if you held it for more than one year, which means you qualify for the best of all tax worlds:
• If you have a net gain, it is a long-term capital gain.
• If you have a net loss, it is an ordinary loss.
